08 - 22 November 2025

This year’s COP30 in Belém, Brazil represents a critical battleground for implementing the ICJ's findings. With several key dialogues and discussions on the agenda, this Conference of the Parties will prove integral for embedding the Opinion into concrete action and policy frameworks.

Read our COP30 Guide

This Pocket Guide for COP30 is for negotiators and allies, explaining the International Court of Justice's July 2025 Advisory Opinion on States' legal obligations. It clarifies that all countries must take urgent, science-based action to limit warming to 1.5°C, phase out fossil fuels, and meet ambitious Nationally Determined Contributions.

The guide emphasises developed countries' finance responsibilities, integrates human rights and state accountability, and offers practical guidance to embed these legal obligations into COP30 negotiations to ensure effective and just global climate action.

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